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我們的睡美人(Sleeping beauty)轉(zhuǎn)座載體系統(tǒng)可以高效地將外源DNA插入宿主細(xì)胞基因組。該系統(tǒng)在技術(shù)上十分簡(jiǎn)潔,僅需要進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染(無(wú)需病毒轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo))即可永久性地對(duì)宿主細(xì)胞基因組插入您的目的基因。
該載體的轉(zhuǎn)座子系統(tǒng)來(lái)源于Tc1/mariner轉(zhuǎn)座子超家族,一開(kāi)始是從魚(yú)類基因組分離出來(lái),并且經(jīng)過(guò)了大量的累積突變已失去轉(zhuǎn)座子活性。睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座子通過(guò)移除鮭魚(yú)基因組的Tc1/mariner轉(zhuǎn)座子上的這些失活突變,重新構(gòu)筑出有活性的轉(zhuǎn)座子。該方法合成的轉(zhuǎn)座子提供了一種在脊椎動(dòng)物中高效地進(jìn)行基因轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和插入突變的方法。
睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座載體系統(tǒng)包含兩個(gè)組分。一個(gè)組分是Sleeping beauty轉(zhuǎn)座酶(通常為表達(dá)Sleeping beauty轉(zhuǎn)座酶的IVT mRNA)。另一個(gè)組分則是轉(zhuǎn)座子載體,包含由兩個(gè)反向/正向重復(fù)序列(IR/DR)包圍的轉(zhuǎn)座子區(qū)域。需要被遞送至宿主細(xì)胞的基因被克隆至該區(qū)域。
表達(dá)Sleeping beauty轉(zhuǎn)座酶的IVT mRNA和轉(zhuǎn)座子載體共轉(zhuǎn)染至靶細(xì)胞時(shí),IVT mRNA表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)座酶會(huì)識(shí)別IR/DR序列,然后將兩個(gè)IR/DR序列之間的區(qū)域作為轉(zhuǎn)座子插入宿主基因組上的TA二核苷酸位點(diǎn)。
睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座子時(shí)II型轉(zhuǎn)座子,這意味著其遵循剪切-粘貼的轉(zhuǎn)座機(jī)制,從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)移序列至另一個(gè)地方不會(huì)留下多余的基因拷貝(I型轉(zhuǎn)座子則遵循復(fù)制-粘貼機(jī)制)。由于輔助載體是瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染的,會(huì)隨著時(shí)間逐漸丟失。伴隨輔助載體的丟失,插入宿主基因組的轉(zhuǎn)座子將變成永久性的。如果此時(shí)再次轉(zhuǎn)染輔助載體,轉(zhuǎn)座子則可以從宿主基因組中剪切出來(lái),且不會(huì)在基因組上留有痕跡。
關(guān)于該載體系統(tǒng)的更多信息,請(qǐng)參考以下文獻(xiàn)。
參考文獻(xiàn) | 主題 |
---|---|
Cell. 91:501 (1997) | Molecular reconstruction of the sleeping beauty transposon |
Mol Ther. 8:108 (2003) | Gene transfer into genome of human cells by sleeping beauty transposon |
Mol Ther. 9:147 (2004) | Review on biology & applications of sleeping beauty transposon |
我們的睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座子質(zhì)粒與其輔助載體經(jīng)過(guò)優(yōu)化,在大腸桿菌中以高拷貝數(shù)方式復(fù)制,并且可以有效轉(zhuǎn)染范圍廣泛的靶細(xì)胞以及高水平表達(dá)載體上攜帶的目的基因。
轉(zhuǎn)座子DNA永久整合:傳統(tǒng)的質(zhì)粒瞬轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)染的質(zhì)粒再宿主細(xì)胞中會(huì)逐漸丟失,特別是分裂型的細(xì)胞。但是使用睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座子載體連同輔助載體共轉(zhuǎn)染哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞可以實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)座子DNA在宿主細(xì)胞基因組的永久整合。
技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單:常規(guī)轉(zhuǎn)染即可把質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞,相比起病毒載體需要進(jìn)行病毒包裝,過(guò)程更簡(jiǎn)單。
可轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞類型受限:不同類型細(xì)胞的質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染效率差異很大。非分裂細(xì)胞比分裂細(xì)胞更難轉(zhuǎn)染,原代細(xì)胞比永生化細(xì)胞系更難轉(zhuǎn)染。一些重要的細(xì)胞類型更是難以轉(zhuǎn)染,如神經(jīng)元和胰島β細(xì)胞。另外,質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染局限于體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn),很少運(yùn)用到活體實(shí)驗(yàn)。這些問(wèn)題限制了睡美人轉(zhuǎn)座子載體系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。
轉(zhuǎn)座子容量有限:轉(zhuǎn)座子的容量需在1.9 – 7.2 kb之間,超出該長(zhǎng)度的轉(zhuǎn)座子其轉(zhuǎn)座效率會(huì)降低。
IR/DR(L): Inverted/direct repeats of sleeping beauty transposon (Left). Recognized by sleeping beauty transposase; DNA flanked by IR/DR(L) and IR/DR(R) can be transposed by sleeping beauty transposase into TA dinucleotide sites.
Promoter: The promoter driving your gene of interest is placed here.
Kozak: Kozak consensus sequence. It is placed in front of the start codon of the ORF of interest because it is believed to facilitate translation initiation in eukaryotes.
ORF: The open reading frame of your gene of interest is placed here.
BGH pA: Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal. It facilitates transcriptional termination of the upstream ORF.
IR/DR(R): Inverted/direct repeats of sleeping beauty transposon (Right). Recognized by sleeping beauty transposase; DNA flanked by IR/DR(L) and IR/DR(R) can be transposed by sleeping beauty transposase into TA dinucleotide sites.
TATA: TA dinucleotide base-pairs. Increases sleeping beauty transposition efficiency.
Ampicillin: Ampicillin resistance gene. It allows the plasmid to be maintained by ampicillin selection in E. coli.
pUC ori: pUC origin of replication. Plasmids carrying this origin exist in high copy numbers in E. coli.
VB ID | Vector name | Descriptions |
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VB010000-9391ssw | pSB[Exp]-CMV>EGFP(ns)/Puro | A Sleeping Beauty transposon vector co-expressing EGFP and puromycin resistance driven by a CMV promoter. |
VB231214-1668sem | pSB[Exp]-CAG>hRHO[NM_000539.3] | A Sleeping Beauty transposon gene expression vector encoding human rhodopsin, a gene that is crucial for vision especially in low light, driven by a CAG promoter. |
VB010000-9366jzq | pRP[Exp]-CMV>SB100X | A mammalian gene expression vector encoding a high-efficiency Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB100X). |